Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science)

Market-channel variation in external and internal quality of table eggs in Manokwari, Indonesia

2026-06-17T07:14:19+00:00

Table eggs reaching remote tropical markets can experience heterogeneous postharvest histories before purchase, yet retail-level evidence from eastern Indonesia remains limited. This study compared external and internal quality profiles of commercial chicken eggs sold through traditional and modern retail channels in Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to August 2025 at six purposively selected outlets, comprising three traditional and three modern markets. Twenty-four eggs were sampled per outlet (144 eggs total). External quality included egg weight, shell thickness, and shell-colour score; internal quality included albumen index, yolk index, Haugh Unit (HU), and yolk-colour score. Because eggs were nested within only six outlets and outlet-level raw data were unavailable for cluster-aware inference, the final analysis emphasizes descriptive channel profiles rather than egg-level hypothesis tests. External traits were closely similar between channels: egg weight was 61.55 ± 5.25 versus 60.25 ± 4.65 g, shell thickness 0.431 ± 0.034 versus 0.440 ± 0.030 mm, and shell-colour score 13.67 ± 0.93 versus 13.33 ± 1.29 for traditional and modern markets, respectively. Larger descriptive separation occurred for albumen index (0.030 ± 0.006 versus 0.040 ± 0.007), HU (59.60 ± 7.36 versus 66.29 ± 6.67), and yolk-colour score (7.61 ± 1.06 versus 6.35 ± 1.28). The sampled channels therefore showed similar external appearance but different internal-quality profiles. These associations should not be interpreted causally because egg age, supply origin, storage duration, temperature history, transport, and outlet-level clustering were not directly resolved.

Banana paste preserves aeration but reduces recoverable lactic acid bacteria in fermented ice cream

2026-07-02T05:50:05+00:00

Banana contains prebiotic-associated carbohydrates that can support lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but this compositional potential may not translate into microbial performance after fermentation and freezing. This study tested whether banana (Musa paradisiaca) paste preserves aeration while supporting culturable LAB in fermented ice cream. A completely randomized design included 0, 5, 10, and 15% banana paste with five experimental replicates per treatment. The mix was pasteurized, inoculated with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, fermented at 37 °C for 8 h, aged at 4 °C for 4 h, whipped, frozen at -10 °C, and analyzed for overrun, pH, and total culturable LAB. Results: Banana paste did not significantly affect overrun (6.54-9.30%; P > 0.05). pH differed among treatments (P < 0.05): the control and 5% formulation were similar (5.98-5.99), whereas 10 and 15% paste reduced pH to 5.81 and 5.65. LAB counts also differed (P < 0.05), decreasing from 9.5 × 10^5 CFU/mL in the control to 3.3 × 10^5, 2.25 × 10^5, and 1.25 × 10^5 CFU/mL at 5, 10, and 15%, respectively. Duncan grouping separated the control from banana-containing formulations but not the three banana levels from one another. The principal finding is a process-dependent formulation trade-off: banana paste preserved overrun but coincided with lower recoverable LAB. Because the marked decline was already evident at 5% before a significant pH shift occurred, final acidity alone cannot explain the microbial response. Prebiotic-associated composition therefore did not guarantee finished-product microbial performance under the tested process.

Marketing Marketing strategy and profitability analysis of pork products in Merauke Regency, South Papua

2026-07-01T06:25:37+00:00

Pork products have economic potential in Merauke Regency because local farmers provide a supply of pigs, while interregional collectors generate relatively stable demand. This applied study identified pork marketing strategies and analyzed business profitability from March to June 2026 in Merauke Regency, South Papua. A quantitative descriptive approach with direct observation and active participation was employed to document livestock sourcing, purchasing, transportation, holding, slaughtering, packaging, sales, and operating costs. The main strategies included setting selling prices with reference to collector prices, matching production volume with storage capacity, selecting pigs according to market size and quality requirements, surveying suppliers, negotiating purchase prices, managing transportation, and scheduling slaughter according to shipment readiness. Across 12 business cycles involving 29 pigs, total costs amounted to IDR 186,675,519, total sales to IDR 224,808,000, and net profit to IDR 38,132,481. The resulting R/C ratio was 1.20, with a profit margin of 16.96%. The enterprise was financially feasible, provided that purchase prices, transportation costs, storage capacity, and supplier–buyer relationships were effectively managed

Improving the fermentation quality of vegetable waste silage through rice bran supplementation

2026-06-17T07:20:18+00:00

Vegetable waste from traditional markets has high potential as ruminant feed; however, its utilization is limited by high moisture content and rapid spoilage. This study evaluated the effects of rice bran supplementation on the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of vegetable waste silage. A completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications was used. The treatments consisted of vegetable waste silage supplemented with rice bran at 0% (P1), 10% (P2), 20% (P3), and 30% (P4) on a fresh matter basis. The parameters measured were pH, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), Fleigh score, and organoleptic characteristics (texture, color, and odor). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Rice bran supplementation significantly affected pH, DM, OM, and Fleigh score (P<0.01), improved texture (P<0.001) and odor (P<0.01), but had no significant effect on color (P>0.05). Increasing rice bran levels decreased silage pH and improved DM, OM, and Fleigh scores, indicating better fermentation quality. The lowest pH (3.99), highest DM (33.75%), OM (86.11%), and highest Fleigh score (112.7) were observed in silage supplemented with 30% rice bran (P4), which was classified as excellent quality silage. Organoleptic evaluation showed that higher rice bran levels improved silage texture and produced a more acceptable acidic odor, while color remained within the normal yellowish-brown range, indicating good fermentation. Rice bran supplementation up to 30% improves the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of vegetable waste silage, resulting in better fermentation quality and making it suitable for use as ruminant feed.

Integrated analysis of reproductive performance, herd structure, and farmer characteristics in tropical smallholder beef cattle systems

2026-06-23T08:30:58+00:00

Sustainable growth of beef cattle production in tropical smallholder systems depends on the interaction between reproductive efficiency, herd structure, and farmer capacity. This study aimed to provide an integrated analysis of reproductive performance, herd structure, and farmer characteristics in a tropical smallholder beef cattle system. The research was conducted in the Pangean District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indonesia, using a survey approach involving 120 farmers and direct observation of 605 cattle. Reproductive performance data were obtained from artificial insemination records of 93 cows in 2019 and 69 cows in 2020. Key indicators included service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), and non-return rate (NRR), while population structure was analyzed based on age and sex composition, and farmer characteristics included age, education, and farming experience. The results showed that The reproductive indicators showed different responses between 2019 and 2020. Service per conception (S/C) decreased significantly (p<0.05), indicating improved breeding efficiency. Conception rate (CR) increased from 79% to 85%, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05), suggesting stable fertilization capacity. In contrast, non-return rate (NRR) increased significantly from 79% to 85% (p<0.05), indicating improved post-insemination outcomes. Adult females dominated the herd structure, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2, indicating strong reproductive potential. However, the generally low formal education level of farmers was associated with limitations in reproductive management practices.In conclusion, reproductive performance in tropical smallholder systems is shaped by the interaction between biological factors, population structure, and farmer capacity. Improving reproductive efficiency requires strengthening farmer knowledge, especially estrus detection and decision-making at the farm level.

Genetic, reproductive, and production traits of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus): A Systematic review of empirical evidence for sustainable breeding

2026-08-30T01:24:49+00:00

Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are an indigenous Indonesian cattle resource with high relevance for tropical beef production, genetic-resource conservation, and smallholder livestock systems. This systematic literature review synthesizes empirical evidence on genetic, reproductive, and production traits of Bali cattle to identify priorities for sustainable breeding. Literature was identified primarily through Scopus using Boolean terms related to Bali cattle, genetics, breeding, selection, reproduction, production, health, feed resources, and sustainability. After screening by date, document type, language, scope, and relevance, 55 studies were included and synthesized narratively into four themes. The first theme shows that microsatellite, mitochondrial DNA, Cyt-b, D-loop, 16S rRNA, and complete mitogenome studies consistently position Bali cattle as a distinct Bos javanicus-derived genetic resource closely related to Banteng. The second theme demonstrates that reproductive performance varies widely across management systems and that semen evaluation increasingly benefits from computer-assisted sperm analysis, sperm DNA integrity, acrosome integrity, protamine status, seminal plasma minerals, antioxidant supplementation, and assisted reproductive technologies. The third theme indicates that morphometric traits such as chest girth, body length, and height are practical predictors of body weight, while candidate genes including PLAG1, MSTN, MC4R, CAPN1, SCD, FREM2, and FABP4 show variable readiness for marker-assisted selection. The fourth theme reveals that feed insufficiency, disease risks, smallholder economics, marketing channels, and manure management shape whether genetic and reproductive potential is converted into sustainable productivity. Overall, Bali cattle improvement requires an integrated breeding framework combining genetic conservation, validated markers, standardized phenotyping, reproductive management, feed-resource planning, health surveillance, and smallholder-oriented implementation. The review contributes a multi-level evidence framework for sustainable Bali cattle breeding in tropical production systems.

Identification of snp-based bmpr-1b gene polymorphism related to reproductive performance in saanen goats at BBPTU-HPT BATURRADEN

2026-09-27T13:50:31+00:00

Goat reproductive efficiency is largely determined by fertility, which influences litter size and overall productivity. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR-1B) gene is a major candidate gene associated with prolificacy in goats. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMPR-1B gene and evaluate their association with reproductive performance in Saanen goats maintained at the Indonesian Saanen Dairy Goat Breeding Center (BBPTU-HPT Baturraden). A total of 120 Saanen does with at least two kidding records were selected using purposive sampling. Reproductive traits included gestation length, litter size, birth weight, and weaning weight. Genomic DNA was amplified by PCR using primers targeting a 240 bp fragment of the BMPR-1B gene, followed by DNA sequencing for SNP identification. Genotype and allele frequencies were estimated, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested using the Chi-square test, and associations between genotypes and reproductive traits were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. PCR amplification successfully produced the expected 240 bp fragment in all samples. Sequence analysis identified four SNPs, c.29T>C, c.38A>G, c.72T>C, and c.83C>T, which were consistently detected in the population. The BMPR-1B locus deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These nucleotide substitutions caused amino acid changes, reducing the predicted protein length from 153 to 120 amino acids and the molecular weight from 13,051.33 to 10,325.36 Da. The proportions of Ala, Cys, Gly, and Thr residues also decreased. Only heterozygous genotypes (TC, AG, and CT) were detected, with an average litter size of 1.0 ± 0.52 kids and a twinning rate of 28.7%. No significant associations were found between BMPR-1B genotypes and gestation length, litter size, birth weight, or weaning weight. These findings indicate that the BMPR-1B gene was monomorphic in this Saanen goat population, and the detected heterozygous SNPs were not associated with reproductive performance or increased litter size.

Coastal occurrence and morphological consistency of the underutilized legume dema (Ormocarpum orientale) in Supiori, Papua

2026-09-04T01:44:36+00:00

Underutilized native legumes can broaden forage options, but ecological occurrence and identity should be established before development. This exploratory study documented the coastal occurrence, morphology, associated vegetation, and locally reported uses of dema, field-identified as Ormocarpum orientale (Spreng.) Merr., in Eastern Supiori, Papua. Surveys in Pariem, Wafor, and Yendoker used line-transect-guided exploration, 15 observation plots, morphological recording, vegetation inventory, and key-informant interviews. Dema was recorded only in the very low-elevation coastal settings surveyed, on calcareous, sandy, and alluvial-sandy substrates, with site pH 5.7-7.2. Seventy-five trees were recorded (40 in Wafor, 34 in Yendoker, and one in Pariem), although unequal plot allocation precluded density or habitat-preference inference. Leaves, stems, pods, and most floral characters were broadly consistent among sites and with the field concept previously reported from Sarmi; flower colour and stem diameter varied locally. Forty associated plant species comprised non-forage vegetation (45%), other forage plants (25%), grasses (15%), and legumes (15%). Local reports described coastal buffering, herbal use, vegetable consumption, fencing, and support for climbing betel. The study therefore provides a second Papuan ecological-morphological baseline for this underutilized legume rather than evidence of forage performance or measured coastal protection. Voucher-based taxonomic verification, standardized coast-to-inland sampling, propagation trials, Supiori-specific nutritional and anti-nutritional profiling, digestibility and palatability testing, and controlled feeding trials are required before utilization recommendations.